Shri Goga Ji

goga ji mandir
Mandir Shri Goga Ji Location: At gram Gogamedi in Nohar Tehsil of Hanumangarh District God Worshipped: Shri Gogaji District: Hanumangarh Road Distance from Jaipur:350 Kms. Built in the year: 1911 Nearest Airport: Jaipur (350 Kms) By Maharaja Shri Ganga Singh Ji Nearest Rly. Station: Gogamedi (2 Kms)

गोगाजी महाराज( सिद्धनाथ वीर गोगादेव)

गोगाजी राजस्थान के लोक देवता हैं जिन्हे जाहरवीर गोगाजी के नाम से भी जाना जाता है । राजस्थान के हनुमानगढ़ जिले का एक शहर गोगामेड़ी है। यहां भादव शुक्लपक्ष की नवमी को गोगाजी देवता का मेला भरता है। इन्हे हिन्दु और मुस्लिम दोनो पूजते है ।

वीर गोगाजी गुरुगोरखनाथ के परमशिस्य थे। चौहान वीर गोगाजी का जन्म विक्रम संवत 1003 में चुरू जिले के ददरेवा गाँव में हुआ था सिद्ध वीर गोगादेव के जन्मस्थान, जो राजस्थान के चुरू जिले के दत्तखेड़ा ददरेवा में स्थित है। जहाँ पर सभी धर्म और सम्प्रदाय के लोग मत्था टेकने के लिए दूर-दूर से आते हैं। कायम खानी मुस्लिम समाज उनको जाहर पीर के नाम से पुकारते हैं तथा उक्त स्थान पर मत्था टेकने और मन्नत माँगने आते हैं। इस तरह यह स्थान हिंदू और मुस्लिम एकता का प्रतीक है।

मध्यकालीन महापुरुष गोगाजी हिंदू, मुस्लिम, सिख संप्रदायों की श्रद्घा अर्जित कर एक धर्मनिरपेक्ष लोकदेवता के नाम से पीर के रूप में प्रसिद्ध हुए। सन्न 1155 में गोगा जाहरवीर का जन्म राजस्थान के ददरेवा (चुरू) चौहान वंश के राजपूत शासक जैबर (जेवरसिंह) की पत्नी बाछल के गर्भ से गुरु गोरखनाथ के वरदान से भादो सुदी नवमी को हुआ था। जिस समय गोगाजी का जन्म हुआ उसी समय एक ब्राह्मण के घर नाहरसिंह वीर का जन्म हुआ। ठीक उसी समय एक हरिजन के घर भज्जू कोतवाल का जन्म हुआ और एक भंगी के घर रत्ना जी भंगी का जन्म हुआ। यह सभी गुरु गोरखनाथ जी के शिष्य हुए। गोगाजी का नाम भी गुरु गोरखनाथ जी के नाम के पहले अक्षर से ही रखा गया। यानी गुरु का गु और गोरख का गो यानी की गुगो जिसे बाद में गोगा जी कहा जाने लगा। गोगा जी ने गूरू गोरख नाथ जी से तंत्र की शिक्षा भी प्राप्त की थी।

चौहान वंश में राजा पृथ्वीराज चौहान के बाद गोगाजी वीर और ख्याति प्राप्त राजा थे। गोगाजी का राज्य सतलुज सें हांसी (हरियाणा) तक था। जयपुर से लगभग 250 किमी दूर स्थित सादलपुर के पास दत्तखेड़ा (ददरेवा) में गोगादेवजी का जन्म स्थान है। दत्तखेड़ा चुरू के अंतर्गत आता है। गोगादेव की जन्मभूमि पर आज भी उनके घोड़े का अस्तबल है और सैकड़ों वर्ष बीत गए, लेकिन उनके घोड़े की रकाब अभी भी वहीं पर विद्यमान है। उक्त जन्म स्थान पर गुरु गोरक्षनाथ का आश्रम भी है और वहीं है गोगादेव की घोड़े पर सवार मूर्ति। भक्तजन इस स्थान पर कीर्तन करते हुए आते हैं और जन्म स्थान पर बने मंदिर पर मत्था टेककर मन्नत माँगते हैं।

आज भी सर्पदंश से मुक्ति के लिए गोगाजी की पूजा की जाती है. गोगाजी के प्रतीक के रूप में पत्थर या लकडी पर सर्प मूर्ती उत्कीर्ण की जाती है. लोक धारणा है कि सर्प दंश से प्रभावित व्यक्ति को यदि गोगाजी की मेडी तक लाया जाये तो वह व्यक्ति सर्प विष से मुक्त हो जाता है. भादवा माह के शुक्ल पक्ष तथा कृष्ण पक्ष की नवमियों को गोगाजी की स्मृति में मेला लगता है. उत्तर प्रदेश में इन्हें जहर पीर तथा मुसलमान इन्हें गोगा पीर कहते हैं।

हनुमानगढ़ जिले के नोहर उपखंड में स्थित गोगाजी के पावन धाम गोगामेड़ी स्थित गोगाजी का समाधि स्थल जन्म स्थान से लगभग 80 किमी की दूरी पर स्थित है, जो साम्प्रदायिक सद्भाव का अनूठा प्रतीक है, जहाँ एक हिन्दू व एक मुस्लिम पुजारी खड़े रहते हैं। श्रावण शुक्ल पूर्णिमा से लेकर भाद्रपद शुक्ल पूर्णिमा तक गोगा मेड़ी के मेले में वीर गोगाजी की समाधि तथा गोगा पीर व जाहिर वीर के जयकारों के साथ गोगाजी तथा गुरु गोरक्षनाथ के प्रति भक्ति की अविरल धारा बहती है। भक्तजन गुरु गोरक्षनाथ के टीले पर जाकर शीश नवाते हैं, फिर गोगाजी की समाधि पर आकर ढोक देते हैं। प्रतिवर्ष लाखों लोग गोगा जी के मंदिर में मत्था टेक तथा छड़ियों की विशेष पूजा करते हैं।

गोगा जाहरवीर जी की छड़ी का बहुत महत्त्व होता है और जो साधक छड़ी की साधना नहीं करता उसकी साधना अधूरी ही मानी जाती है क्योंकि मान्यता के अनुसार जाहरवीर जी के वीर छड़ी में निवास करते है । सिद्ध छड़ी पर नाहरसिंह वीर , सावल सिंह वीर आदि अनेकों वीरों का पहरा रहता है। छड़ी लोहे की सांकले होती है जिसपर एक मुठा लगा होता है । जब तक गोगा जाहरवीर जी की माड़ी में अथवा उनके जागरण में छड़ी नहीं होती तब तक वीर हाजिर नहीं होते , ऐसी प्राचीन मान्यता है । ठीक इसी प्रकार जब तक गोगा जाहरवीर जी की माड़ी अथवा जागरण में चिमटा नहीं होता तब तक गुरु गोरखनाथ सहित नवनाथ हाजिर नहीं होते।

छड़ी अक्सर घर में ही रखी जाती है और उसकी पूजा की जाती है । केवल सावन और भादो के महीने में छड़ी निकाली जाती है और छड़ी को नगर में फेरी लगवाई जाती है , इससे नगर में आने वाले सभी संकट शांत हो जाते है । जाहरवीर के भक्त दाहिने कन्धे पर छड़ी रखकर फेरी लगवाते है । छड़ी को अक्सर लाल अथवा भगवे रंग के वस्त्र पर रखा जाता है।

यदि किसी पर भूत प्रेत आदि की बाधा हो तो छड़ी को पीड़ित के शरीर को छुवाकर उसे एक बार में ही ठीक कर दिया जाता है ! भादो के महीने में जब भक्त जाहर बाबा के दर्शनों के लिए जाते है तो छड़ी को भी साथ लेकर जाते है और गोरख गंगा में स्नान करवाकर जाहर बाबा की समाधी से छुआते है । ऐसा करने से छड़ी की शक्ति कायम रहती है ।

प्रदेश की लोक संस्कृति में गोगाजी के प्रति अपार आदर भाव देखते हुए कहा गया है कि गाँव-गाँव में खेजड़ी, गाँव-गाँव में गोगा वीर गोगाजी का आदर्श व्यक्तित्व भक्तजनों के लिए सदैव आकर्षण का केन्द्र रहा है।गोरखटीला स्थित गुरु गोरक्षनाथ के धूने पर शीश नवाकर भक्तजन मनौतियाँ माँगते हैं। विद्वानों व इतिहासकारों ने उनके जीवन को शौर्य, धर्म, पराक्रम व उच्च जीवन आदर्शों का प्रतीक माना है।

जातरु (जात लगाने वाले) ददरेवा आकर न केवल धोक आदि लगाते हैं बल्कि वहां समूह में बैठकर गुरु गोरक्षनाथ व उनके शिष्य जाहरवीर गोगाजी की जीवनी के किस्से अपनी-अपनी भाषा में गाकर सुनाते हैं। प्रसंगानुसार जीवनी सुनाते समय वाद्ययंत्रों में डैरूं व कांसी का कचौला विशेष रूप से बजाया जाता है। इस दौरान अखाड़े के जातरुओं में से एक जातरू अपने सिर व शरीर पर पूरे जोर से लोहे की सांकले मारता है। मान्यता है कि गोगाजी की संकलाई आने पर ऐसा किया जाता है।

गोरखनाथ जी से सम्बंधित एक कथा राजस्थान में बहुत प्रचलित है। राजस्थान के महापुरूष गोगाजी का जन्म गुरू गोरखनाथ के वरदान से हुआ था। गोगाजी की माँ बाछल देवी निःसंतान थी। संतान प्राप्ति के सभी यत्न करने के बाद भी संतान सुख नहीं मिला। गुरू गोरखनाथ ‘गोगामेडी’ के टीले पर तपस्या कर रहे थे। बाछल देवी उनकी शरण मे गईं तथा गुरू गोरखनाथ ने उन्हें पुत्र प्राप्ति का वरदान दिया और एक गुगल नामक फल प्रसाद के रूप में दिया। प्रसाद खाकर बाछल देवी गर्भवती हो गई और तदुपरांत गोगाजी का जन्म हुआ। गुगल फल के नाम से इनका नाम गोगाजी पड़ा।


About Shri Goga Ji temple

The temple is 950 years old. It was prepared and renovated by the Maharaja of Bikaner Shri Ganga Singhji in the year 1911. The temple was established to commemorate Shri Gogaji the local deity whose influence over the people is very intense.

Shri Gogaji Maharaj was a chouhan warrior who laid down his life for being a martyr he was deified. He was invested with certain Super natural powers and it is said that he became a Nath. He commands respect of Hindus and Muslims both. People visited his temple annually and in his name is devotees reutilize poison whenever someone is bitten by a poisonous snake.

The temple of Gogaji is a happy combination of Hindu and Muslim style of Architecture. The temple is built on a high mound. Inside the temple is the shrine of Gogaji, is engraved statue can be seen in the form of a warrior riding horse, with a lance in hand and snake around is neck. Thus the statue appears to be of a valiant knight undauted and confident. The temple is visited by all caste and all communities.

goga ji is one of the five renowned peers (valiant martyrs) with super natural powers. He is a local deity and he is highly venerated as he is capable of removing snake venom. Gogaji is worshiped not only in Rajasthan but also in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh from where devotees in great numbers come to the place of Gogaji with their expressed wishes in the hope of getting them fufilled by the deity.

Since the temple is of a very secular nature and it commands the respect of all castes, all communities, all faiths, all creeds, all Hindus and all Muslims. This is of a special importance. The one month long fare in Bhadrapada is the time when millions of people visit Gogamedi. The plain on about 800 bighas of land. At this time, a cattle fair is also held. This place can be developed and it may occupy a permanent place on the tourist map of India. This can be converted into a beautiful religious and tourist place. The potential of this must be exploited.


Krishna Janmashtami

Krishna Janmashtami
Krishna Janmashtami

Krishna Janmashtami

Krishna Janmashtami is the birth date lord krishna is an biggest Hindu festival.Lord Krishna is the eighth avatar of Lord Vishnu, Krishna Janmashtami is the festival is celebrated on the eighth day (Ashtami) of the Krishna Paksha (dark fortnight) of the month of Shraavana (August–September) in the Hindu calendar. Rasa lila, dramatic enactments of the life of Krishna, are a special feature in regions of Mathura and Vrindavan, and regions following Vaishnavism in Manipur.While the Rasa lila re-creates the flirtatious aspects of Krishna's youthful days, the Dahi Handi celebrate God's playful and mischievous side, where teams of young men form human towers to reach a high-hanging pot of butter and break it. This tradition, also known as uriadi, is a major event in Tamil Nadu on Gokulashtami. Krishna Janmashtami is followed by the festival Nandotsav, which celebrates the occasion when Nanda Baba distributed gifts to the community in honour of the birth.

Krishna Janmashtami Celebration

Shri Krishna Janmashtami is celebrated all over the world with joy and happiness.On this auspicious occasion peoples perform fasting and stayed up to midnight when shri Krishna birthday celebration.On this occasion Shri Krishna temples are well decorated and peoples gather with their families and chant the name of lord krishna 'Hare krishna hare ram' and sat sang is done in many temples.At midnight, devotees gather around for devotional songs, dance and exchange gifts. Some temples also conduct readings of the Hindu religious scripture Bhagavad Gita.

Shri Krishna Janmashtami celebration in other parts of world

Krishna Janmashtami in Maharashtra

Janmaashtami or Gokulashtami, popularly known in Mumbai and Pune as Dahi Handi, is celebrated as an event which involves making a human pyramid and breaking an earthen pot (handi) filled with buttermilk (dahi), which is tied at a convenient height. The topmost person tries to break the handi by hitting it with a blunt object. When the handi breaks, the buttermilk is spilled over the entire group. This event is based on the legend of the child-god Krishna stealing butter. A participant in this festival is called a govinda or govinda pathak.
Many – such govinda pathaks – compete with each other, especially for the prize money. These groups are called mandals or handis and they go around the local areas, attempting to break as many pots as possible every August. The event, since the 2000s, has gathered a political flavour, and it is common for political parties and rich community groups to offer prizes amounting to lakhs of rupees.Local celebrities and Bollywood actors also participate. Some of the popular handis are at Dadar, Lower Parel, Worli, Mazgaon, Lalbaug, Thane in Mumbai and Babu Genu, Mandai in Pune.Cash and gifts are offered for govinda troops to participate; for over 4,000 handis in Mumbai, 2,000 Govinda troops compete for the prizes.

Northern and Eastern India

Places in Uttar Pradesh that are associated with Krishna's childhood, such as Mathura, Gokul and Vrindavan, attract visitors from all over India, who go there to participate in the festival celebrations.People in the city of Dwarka in Gujarat – where Krishna is believed to have established his Kingdom – celebrate the festival by visiting the Dwarkadhish temple. In Jammu, kite flying is an important part of the celebration on his day.
In the eastern state of Odisha, in the region around Puri and in Nabadwip, West Bengali people celebrate Janmashtami by fasting and worship until midnight. Purana Pravachana from the Bhagavata Purana are recited from the 10th Skandha. This section deals with pastimes of Krishna. The next day is called "Nanda Utsav" or the joyous celebration of Krishna's foster parents Nanda and Yashoda. On this day, people break their fast and offer various cooked sweets during the early hours.

Rasa lila in Manipuri dance style Assam

Janmaashtami – popularly known in Assam by the same name– is celebrated in Assam mostly at the homes and the temples usually though pujas and sharing food.

Manipur

Janmaa shtami – popularly known in Manipur as Krishna Janma – is a significant festival celebrated at two temples in Imphal, the capital city of Manipur. The first festival is at the Govindaji temple, and the second is at the International Society for Krishna Consciousness temple. Devotees of Lord Krishna gather mostly at the ISKCON temple.

South India

In Southern India, floors in houses are decorated with footprints made from flour, to symbolise Krishna's childhood sport of stealing butter from houses. In Tamil Nadu each and every individual house can celebrate as Sri Rangam and Tirupathi celebrates. They can perform Pooja and distributing Aval, Vada, Butter and Ghee

Nepal

About eighty percent of the population of Nepal identify themselves as Hindus and celebrate Krishna Janmashtimi. They observe Janmashtami by fasting until midnight. They chant slokas from the Bhagavad Gita and sing religious songs called bhajans. The temples of Lord Krishna are decorated, and bhajans and kirtans are sung or played. The Krishna Mandir in Patan Durbar Square, Narayanhiti Krishnamandir, and other temples of Lord Krishna are the centres for festivities on Krishna Janmaasthimi. Numerous devotees flock to the ancient Krishna temple in old Patan Durbar Square to keep vigil through the revered night of his birth. Observances include people sitting closely together, bodies rocking as women chant the many names of Lord Krisha, such as Narayan, Narayan and Gopal, Gopal. Some sing hymns, others clap their hands, while some others pray. Crowds of men and women edge their way slowly up narrow steps through the seated devotees to the temple's dark interior, to where the main idol stands. There they offer flowers, coins and food, and wait for a glimpse of the Krishna Janmashtami idol. After the temple priest gives them prasad, they make their way home.

Janmashthami in Bangladesh

Janmashthami is a national holiday in Bangladesh. On Janmashthami, a procession starts from Dhakeshwari Temple in Dhaka, the National Temple of Bangladesh, and then proceeds through the streets of Old Dhaka. The procession dates back to 1902, but was stopped in 1948 following the establishment of Pakistan and subsequent attacks by Muslim mobs in Dhaka. The procession was resumed in 1989.

Janmashthami in Pakistan

Janmashthami is celebrated by Pakistani Hindus in the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Karachi with the singing of bhajans and delivering of sermons on Krishna.

15th August 2014

15 aug independence day
Independence day celebration The national flag of India hoisted on the Red Fort in Delhi; hoisted flag is a common sight on public and private buildings on this national holiday.
Observed by India Type National holiday Celebrations Flag Hoisting, Parades, Singing Patriotic Songs and the national anthem, Speech by the Prime Minister and President of India. Date 15 August
The Celebration Ceremony of 68th Independence Day of India on 15th August 2014 Flag Hoisting by Hon'ble Prime Minister of India on 15th Aug 2014 at 6:25 AM IST

Independence Day celebration of India

Independence Day, observed annually on 15 August, is a National Holiday in India commemorating the nation's independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 15 August 1947. India attained independence following an Independence Movement noted for largely nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience led by the Indian National Congress (INC). Independence coincided with the partition of India, in which the British Indian Empire was divided along religious lines into the Dominions of India and Pakistan; the partition was accompanied by violent riots and mass casualties, and the displacement of nearly 15 million people due to sectarian violence.

On 15 August 1947, Jawaharlal Nehru, who had become the first Prime Minister of India that day, raised the Indian national flag above the Lahore Gate of the Red Fort in Delhi. On each subsequent Independence Day, the Prime Minister has raised the flag and given a speech.

The holiday is observed throughout India with flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades and cultural events. Indians celebrate the day by displaying the national flag on their attire, accessories, homes and vehicles; by listening to patriotic songs, watching patriotic movies; and bonding with family and friends. Books and films feature the independence and partition in their narrative. Separatist and militant organizations have often carried out terrorist attacks on and around 15 August, and others have declared strikes and used black flags to boycott the celebration.

Every year the independence day is celebrated in all over the India on 15th August with Joy and Happiness.On this Auspicious day The prime minister of India(Presently Narendra modi ) hosted national flag at Red Fort at new Delhi Capital city OF India. Thousands of peoples gather there to watch the independence day parade and the programmes organized by the childrens from different schools and from different states of India.

Watch Live Speech of Narendra Modi from Red Fort

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This day is celebrated in all states of India ,every year the flag is hosted in the capital city of every state by the Governor of each state,on this day prize distribution ceremony is organized every year for the extraordinary service in every field.On this occasion we also remember our soldiers who led their life for their country .

Ebola virus


Ebola virus

What is EBOLA virus?

Ebola is a rare but deadly virus that causes bleeding inside and outside the body.
As the virus spreads through the body, it damages the immune system and organs. Ultimately, it causes levels of blood-clotting cells to drop. This leads to severe, uncontrollable bleeding.
The disease, also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever or Ebola virus, kills up to 90% of people who are infected. Ebola first appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreaks, in Nzara, Sudan, and in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter was in a village situated near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.

Genus Ebola virus is 1 of 3 members of the Filoviridae family (filovirus), along with genus Mar burg virus and genus Cuevavirus. Genus Ebolavirus comprises 5 distinct species:
Bundibugyo Ebola virus (BDBV)
Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)
Res ton ebolavirus (RESTV)
Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)
Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV).
BDBV, EBOV, and SUDV have been associated with large EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas RESTV and TAFV have not. The RESTV species, found in Philippines and the People’s Republic of China, can infect humans, but no illness or death in humans from this species has been reported to date.


What Are the Symptoms of Ebola?

Early on, Ebola can feel like the flu or other illnesses. Symptoms show up 2 to 21 days after infection and usually include:
High fever
Headache
Joint and muscle aches
Sore throat
Weakness
Stomach pain
Lack of appetite

Key facts

  • Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.

  • EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%.
  • EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in Central and West Africa, near tropical rainforests.
  • The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission.
  • Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus.
  • Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. No licensed specific treatment or vaccine is available for use in people or animals.

Transmission

Ebola is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals. In Africa, infection has been documented through the handling of infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest.
Ebola then spreads in the community through human-to-human transmission, with infection resulting from direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and indirect contact with environments contaminated with such fluids. Burial ceremonies in which mourners have direct contact with the body of the deceased person can also play a role in the transmission of Ebola. Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus through their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness.
Health-care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with suspected or confirmed EVD. This has occurred through close contact with patients when infection control precautions are not strictly practiced.
Among workers in contact with monkeys or pigs infected with Reston ebolavirus, several infections have been documented in people who were clinically asymptomatic. Thus, RESTV appears less capable of causing disease in humans than other Ebola species.
However, the only available evidence available comes from healthy adult males. It would be premature to extrapolate the health effects of the virus to all population groups, such as immuno-compromised persons, persons with underlying medical conditions, pregnant women and children. More studies of RESTV are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the pathogenicity and virulence of this virus in humans.

Signs and symptoms

EVD is a severe acute viral illness often characterized by the sudden onset of fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, headache and sore throat. This is followed by vomiting, diarrhoea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function, and in some cases, both internal and external bleeding. Laboratory findings include low white blood cell and platelet counts and elevated liver enzymes.
People are infectious as long as their blood and secretions contain the virus. Ebola virus was isolated from semen 61 days after onset of illness in a man who was infected in a laboratory.
The incubation period, that is, the time interval from infection with the virus to onset of symptoms, is 2 to 21 days. Diagnosis
Other diseases that should be ruled out before a diagnosis of EVD can be made include: malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, cholera, leptospirosis, plague, rickettsiosis, relapsing fever, meningitis, hepatitis and other viral haemorrhagic fevers.
Ebola virus infections can be diagnosed definitively in a laboratory through several

types of tests:


  • antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • antigen detection tests
  • serum neutralization test
  • reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
  • electron microscopy
  • virus isolation by cell culture.
Samples from patients are an extreme biohazard risk; testing should be conducted under maximum biological containment conditions.
  • Vaccine and treatment
    No licensed vaccine for EVD is available. Several vaccines are being tested, but none are available for clinical use.
    Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. Patients are frequently dehydrated and require oral rehydration with solutions containing electrolytes or intravenous fluids.
    No specific treatment is available. New drug therapies are being evaluated.

    Natural host of Ebola virus


    In Africa, fruit bats, particularly species of the genera Hypsignathus monstrosus, Epomops franqueti and Myonycteris torquata, are considered possible natural hosts for Ebola virus. As a result, the geographic distribution of Ebolaviruses may overlap with the range of the fruit bats.

    Ebola virus in animals

    Although non-human primates have been a source of infection for humans, they are not thought to be the reservoir but rather an accidental host like human beings. Since 1994, Ebola outbreaks from the EBOV and TAFV species have been observed in chimpanzees and gorillas.
    RESTV has caused severe EVD outbreaks in macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) farmed in Philippines and detected in monkeys imported into the USA in 1989, 1990 and 1996, and in monkeys imported to Italy from Philippines in 1992.
    Since 2008, RESTV viruses have been detected during several outbreaks of a deadly disease in pigs in People’s Republic of China and Philippines. Asymptomatic infection in pigs has been reported and experimental inoculations have shown that RESTV cannot cause disease in pigs.

    Prevention and control

    Controlling Reston ebolavirus in domestic animals
    No animal vaccine against RESTV is available. Routine cleaning and disinfection of pig or monkey farms (with sodium hypochlorite or other detergents) should be effective in inactivating the virus.
    If an outbreak is suspected, the premises should be quarantined immediately. Culling of infected animals, with close supervision of burial or incineration of carcasses, may be necessary to reduce the risk of animal-to-human transmission. Restricting or banning the movement of animals from infected farms to other areas can reduce the spread of the disease.
    As RESTV outbreaks in pigs and monkeys have preceded human infections, the establishment of an active animal health surveillance system to detect new cases is essential in providing early warning for veterinary and human public health authorities. Reducing the risk of Ebola infection in people
    In the absence of effective treatment and a human vaccine, raising awareness of the risk factors for Ebola infection and the protective measures individuals can take is the only way to reduce human infection and death.
    In Africa, during EVD outbreaks, educational public health messages for risk reduction should focus on several factors:
    Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission from contact with infected fruit bats or monkeys/apes and the consumption of their raw meat. Animals should be handled with gloves and other appropriate protective clothing. Animal products (blood and meat) should be thoroughly cooked before consumption.
    Reducing the risk of human-to-human transmission in the community arising from direct or close contact with infected patients, particularly with their bodily fluids. Close physical contact with Ebola patients should be avoided. Gloves and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn when taking care of ill patients at home. Regular hand washing is required after visiting patients in hospital, as well as after taking care of patients at home.
    Communities affected by Ebola should inform the population about the nature of the disease and about outbreak containment measures, including burial of the dead. People who have died from Ebola should be promptly and safely buried.
    Pig farms in Africa can play a role in the amplification of infection because of the presence of fruit bats on these farms. Appropriate biosecurity measures should be in place to limit transmission. For RESTV, educational public health messages should focus on reducing the risk of pig-to-human transmission as a result of unsafe animal husbandry and slaughtering practices, and unsafe consumption of fresh blood, raw milk or animal tissue. Gloves and other appropriate protective clothing should be worn when handling sick animals or their tissues and when slaughtering animals. In regions where RESTV has been reported in pigs, all animal products (blood, meat and milk) should be thoroughly cooked before eating.
    Controlling infection in health-care settings
    Human-to-human transmission of the Ebola virus is primarily associated with direct or indirect contact with blood and body fluids. Transmission to health-care workers has been reported when appropriate infection control measures have not been observed.
    It is not always possible to identify patients with EBV early because initial symptoms may be non-specific. For this reason, it is important that health-care workers apply standard precautions consistently with all patients – regardless of their diagnosis – in all work practices at all times. These include basic hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (according to the risk of splashes or other contact with infected materials), safe injection practices and safe burial practices.
    Health-care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola virus should apply, in addition to standard precautions, other infection control measures to avoid any exposure to the patient’s blood and body fluids and direct unprotected contact with the possibly contaminated environment. When in close contact (within 1 metre) of patients with EBV, health-care workers should wear face protection (a face shield or a medical mask and goggles), a clean, non-sterile long-sleeved gown, and gloves (sterile gloves for some procedures).
    Laboratory workers are also at risk. Samples taken from suspected human and animal Ebola cases for diagnosis should be handled by trained staff and processed in suitably equipped laboratories.

    WHO response


    WHO provides expertise and documentation to support disease investigation and control.
    Recommendations for infection control while providing care to patients with suspected or confirmed Ebola haemorrhagic fever are provided in: Interim infection control recommendations for care of patients with suspected or confirmed Filovirus (Ebola, Marburg) haemorrhagic fever, March 2008. This document is currently being updated.
    WHO has created an aide–memoire on standard precautions in health care (currently being updated). Standard precautions are meant to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens. If universally applied, the precautions would help prevent most transmission through exposure to blood and body fluids.
    Standard precautions are recommended in the care and treatment of all patients regardless of their perceived or confirmed infectious status. They include the basic level of infection control—hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment to avoid direct contact with blood and body fluids, prevention of needle stick and injuries from other sharp instruments, and a set of environmental controls.
  • Honeymoon places in India

    honneymoon destinations
    Honeymoon Desinations In India

    Best honeymoon places in india

    If you want to enjoy your honeymoon at affordable budget in your own country.You not need to worry it,there are many beaches in India where you can feel relax and entertaining ,where you can distress yourself with your partner.The area around beaches is very beautiful and relaxed.You can make your honeymoon very memorable in this monsoon with your partner by enjoying on these honeymoon spots. Today we will discuss the top 10 beaches which may be best honeymoon spots for you.

    1.(पालोलेम बीच, गोवा)Paulo-lame Beach,GOA


    सुबह-सुबह पूर्व दिशा से नारियल के पेड़ों के पीछे से निकलता सूरज समंदर के कैनवॉस पर कई रंग बिखेर जाता है। इस समय पर्यटक पानी में ज़रूर उतरते हैं। यहां किनारे बने रेस्टोरेन्ट में आराम से बैठकर पर्यटक इस नज़ारे का लुत्फ़ उठाते हैं। यह हनीमून डे डेस्टिनेशन भी है। यहां अपने पार्टनर के साथ बिताया हुआ वक्त आपको ताउम्र याद रहेगा। सिर्फ यही नहीं, यहां खींची गई तस्वीरें आप घर पर अपने कमरे में भी सजा सकते हैं।

    Baga Beach,Goa(बागा बीच, गोवा)

    यह बीच काफी साफ है। यहां एडवेंचर के लिए वाटर स्पोर्ट भी उपलब्ध है। इसके लिए आपको कुछ फीस देनी पड़ती है। यहां आप जेट-स्की, पैरासेलिंग और बनाना बोट का भी मज़ा ले सकते हैं। यहां का पारंपरिक फूड भी बहुत सुस्वादु होता है। अगर रोमांस के बीच आपको चाहिए थोड़ा एडवेंचर, तो आप बागा बीच भी चुन सकते हैं।

    3.Radha Nagar Beach,Andaman and Nicobar Island (राधानगर बीच, अंडमान एंड निकोबार आइलैंड)

    यह बीच विदेशियों को भी अपनी ओर खींचता है। यह एशिया का दूसरा सबसे लंबा और मशहूर बीच है। इसकी चौड़ाई लगभग 30 से 40 मीटर है। यह बहुत सुंदर है और नेचर लवर्स लाइफ में एक बार तो यहां आते ही आते हैं। शायद इसीलिए, यहां कपल्स हनीमून मनाने भी आते हैं। इस बीच की लहरों को भी आप छुए बिना नहीं रह पाएंगे।

    5.Varcala Beach,Kerala (वरकाला बीच, केरल)

    यहां पर्यटक तैराकी और सनबाथ के लिए आते हैं। इस बीच से हिंद महासागर के विस्तार को देखा जा सकता है। इसे पापनाशम बीच के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। यह केरल में तिरुअनंतपुरम से नॉर्थ एक घंटे की ड्राइव पर स्थित है। यहां डूबते सूरज का नज़ारा भी बहुत खूबसूरत होता है। नया जोड़ा यहां आराम से सनसेट का आनंद लेता है और फिर इन खूबसूरत पलों को कैमरे में कैद करके घर ले जाता है।

    6.Tarkarli Beach,Malvan (तारकरली बीच, मालवन)

    kovalam beach
    यह बीच महाराष्ट्र में स्थित है। जो भी पर्यटक महाराष्ट्र आते हैं, वो यह बीच देखने ज़रूर जाते हैं। कपल्स यहां हनीमून के लिए भी आते हैं। पर्यटकों को मालवन का खाना भी बहुत पसंद आता है। यहां वाटरस्पोर्ट और स्कूबा डाइविंग की सुविधा भी उपलब्ध है।

    7.AramBol Beach,Goa(अरामबोल बीच, गोवा)

    अगर आप हनीमून पर ऐसी जगह जाना चाहते हैं, जहां आपको शांति मिले और प्राकृतिक सुंदरता भी दिखे, तो अरामबोल बीच बेस्ट है। पर्यटकों के लिए बीच किसी स्वर्ग से कम नहीं होते। यहां की सुंदरता भी आपको मोहित कर देगी और इसकी लहरों में आपको बहुत मज़ा आएगा। यह पणजी से 50 किलोमीटर की दूरी पर है और यह उत्तरी गोवा का एक अनोखा बीच है।

    8.Varka Beach,Goa (वरका बीच, गोवा)

    goa beach
    यहां पर पर नर्म सफेद रेत और धब्‍बेदार काली लावा चट्टानें कुछ स्‍थानों पर दिखाई देती हैं। गोवा के अन्‍य प्रसिद्ध तटों की तुलना में कुछ साफ और शांत दिखाई देने वाला यह तट बड़ी संख्‍या में पर्यटकों को आकर्षित करता है। यहां झूमते नारियल के पेड़ और पहाडियां इस तट को मनोहारी बनाती हैं। अगर कपल्स गोवा में हनीमून मनाने जाते हैं, तो इस बीच पर एंजॉय ज़रूर करते हैं।

    9.Bangaram Beach,lakshadeep(बंगाराम बीच, लक्षद्वीप)

    इसे अपने चिकने बालू और खूबसूरत ताड़ के पेड़ों के लिए दुनिया में सर्वाधिक खूबसूरत टूरिस्ट डेस्टिनेशन कहा गया है। यह द्वीप अगत्ती द्वीप के उत्तरी हिस्से से 8 किमी दूर पड़ता है। प्राकृतिक सौंदर्य का लुत्फ उठाने, यहां भी कपल्स आते हैं।

    10.Puri,Orrisa (पुरी, उड़ीसा

    पुरी के समुद्री तटों पर सूर्योदय और सूर्यास्त के दृश्य बहुत आनंददायक होते हैं। देखने वाला आनंद के हिलोरे लेने लगता है। यहां के समुद्री तट पर कपल्स सन-बाथिंग का भी मज़ा लेते हैं।

    Raksha Bandhan

    raksha bandan
    Raksha Bandhan celebration

    Importamce of raksha bandhan

    Official name Raksha Bandhan Also called Rakhi Observed by Hindus, Jains, Sikhs, increasingly multicultural Celebrations Sister-Brother get together, tie Rakhi on wrist, mark Tilak, brother promises to protect sister, sister feeds brother, brother gives gift, hugs Date Purnima (full moon) of Shraavana 2014 date Sunday, August 10 2015 date Sunday, August 29 2016 date Thursday, August 18 Related to Bhai Duj

    Significance Of Raksha Bandhan

    The Raksha Bandhan as its name suggest is a Indian festival of Brother and Sister.On this auspicious Day Sister-Brother get together, tie Rakhi on wrist, mark Tilak, brother promises to protect sister, sister feeds brother, brother gives gift, hugs. This festival is celebrated from ancient India with different Rituals stories related to Raksha Bandhan is an ancient festival, and has many myths and historic legends linked to it. For example, the Rajput queens practiced the custom of sending rakhi threads to neighboring rulers as token of brotherhood..From its origin this festival is celebrated on the day of Purnima i.e Full moon day of Shravan month comes in the the month of August every year.Along with Hindus the festival of Raksha Bandhan is also celebrated among other religions like Sikhs,Jains,Buddhists etc.

    How to celebrate Raksha Bandhan

    Days or weeks before Raksha Bandhan, women shop for Rakhi, the ceremonial thread to tie around her brother's (or brother-like friend's) wrist. Some women make their own Rakhi.A Rakhi may be a simple thread, woven and colorful; or a Rakhi may be intricate with amulets and decoration on top of it. Sometimes, a Rakhi may be a wrist watch or men's wrist accessory in the form of bracelet or jewelry. Rakhi in the form of a colorful woven thread is most common. Typically the brother(s) too shop for gifts for the sister, ahead of Raksha Bandhan. The gift from the brother can be a simple thoughtful token of love, and may be more elaborate.
    On the morning of Raksha Bandhan, the brother(s) and sister(s) get together, often in nice dress in the presence of surviving parents, grandparents and other family members. If the sister and brother are geographically separated, the sister may mail the Rakhi ahead of the Raksha Bandhan day, along with a greeting card or letter wishing her brother well. The ritual typically begins in front of a lighted lamp (diya) or candle, which signifies fire deity. The sister and brother face each other. The sister ties the Rakhi on her brother's wrist.

    Myths and stories Behind Raksha Bandhan From Epics

    The scriptures, epics and ancient fiction of Hinduism is peppered with stories of Rakhi and Raksha Bandhan. Some of these include: Indra Dev According to Hindu scripture Bhavishya Purana, in the war between Gods and demons, Indra - the deity of sky, rains and thunderbolts - was disgraced by the powerful demon King Bali. Indra’s wife Sachi consulted Vishnu, who gave her a bracelet made of cotton thread, calling it holy. Sachi tied the holy thread around Indra wrist, blessed with her prayers for his well being and success. Indra successfully defeated the evil and recovered Amaravati. This story inspired the protective power of holy thread.

    Story of Rakhi related to King Bali and Goddess Laxmi

    According to this legend, credited to Hindu scriptures Bhagavata Purana and Vishnu Purana, after Vishnu won the three worlds from the demon King Bali, he was asked by Bali that Vishnu live in his palace, a request Vishnu granted. Vishnu's wife, Goddess Lakshmi did not like the palace or his new found friendship with Bali, and preferred that her husband and she return to Vaikuntha. So she went to Bali, tied a Rakhi and made him a brother. Bali asked her what gift she desired. Lakshmi asked that Vishnu be freed from the request that he live in Bali's palace. Bali consented, as well accepted her as his sister.
    Santoshi Ma Ganesh had two sons, Shubh and Labh. On Raksha Bandhan, Ganesh's sister visited and tied a Rakhi on Ganesh's wrist. The two boys become frustrated that they have no sister to celebrate Raksha Bandhan with. They ask their father Ganesh for a sister, but to no avail. Finally, saint Narada appears who persuades Ganesh that a daughter will enrich him as well as his sons. Ganesh agreed, and created a daughter named Santoshi Ma by divine flames that emerged from Ganesh's wives, Riddhi (Amazing) and Siddhi (Perfection). Thereafter, Shubh Labh (literally "Holy Profit") had a sister named Santoshi Ma (literally "Goddess of Satisfaction"), who loved and protected each other.
    Krishna and Draupadi Raksha Bandhan is celebrated in some Hindu, Jain and Sikh communities outside India. Above, Rakhi tied to a man's wrist in Mauritius. In the epic Mahabharat, Draupadi tied a Rakhi to Krishna, while Kunti tied her Rakhi to her grandson Abhimanyu, before the great war. Yama and the Yamuna According to another legend, Yama, the god of Death had not visited his sister Yamuna for 12 years. Yamuna, the goddess of Yamuna river, was sad and consulted Ganga, the goddess of Ganga river. Ganga reminded Yama of his sister, upon which Yama visits her. Yamuna was overjoyed to see her brother, and prepared a bounty of food for Yama. The god Yama was delighted, and asked Yamuna what she wanted for gift. She wished that he, her brother should return and see her again soon. Yama was moved by his sister's love, agreed and to be able to see her again, made river Yamuna immortal. This legend is the basis for a Raksha Bandhan-like festival called Bhai Duj in some parts of India, which also celebrates brother-sister love, but near Diwali.

    Historical Stories of Raksha Bandhan

    Rani Karnavati and Emperor Humayun A popular narrative that is centered around Rakhi is that of Rani Karnavati of Chittor and Mughal Emperor Humayun, which dates to 1535 CE. When Rani Karnavati, the widowed queen of the king of Chittor, realised that she could not defend against the invasion by the Sultan of Gujarat, Bahadur Shah, she sent a Rakhi to Emperor Humayun. Touched, the Emperor immediately set off with his troops to defend Chittor. Humayun arrived too late, and Bahadur Shah managed to sack the Rani's fortress. Karnavati, along with a reported 13,000 other women in the fortress, carried out Jauhar on March 8, 1535, killing themselves to avoid dishonor while the men threw the gates open and rode out on a suicidal charge against Bahadur Shah's troops. When he reached Chittor, Humayun evicted Bahadur Shah from fort and restored the kingdom to Karnavati's son, Vikramjit Singh. Although contemporary commentators and memoirs do not mention the Rakhi episode and some historians have expressed skepticism about it, it is mentioned in one mid-seventeenth century Rajasthani account.

    Raksha Bandhan in different parts of India

    Kumaon region The people of the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, celebrate Raksha Bandhan with Janopunyu (जन्यो पुन्यु). Along with the sister-brother ritual, men change their janeu (जनेयु or जन्यो, sacred thread). The region also marks the day with Bagwal fair at Devidhura in district Champawat. West Bengal & Odisha In the state of West Bengal and Odisha, this day is also called Jhulan Purnima. Prayers and puja of Lord Krishna and Radha are performed there. Sisters tie Rakhi to Brothers and wish immortality. Political Parties, Offices, Friends, Schools to colleges, Street to Palace celebrate this day with a new hope for a good relationship. Nepal In Nepal, Raksha Bandhan is celebrated on shravan purnima. It is also called Janaeu Purnima (Janaeu is sacred thread and purnima means full moon). A sacred thread is tied on wrist by senior family members and relatives. Nepalese people enjoy this festival, eating its special food "Kwati", a soup of sprout of seven different grains. Maharashtra In Maharashtra, the festival of Raksha Bandhan is celebrated as Narali Poornima. Kolis are the fishermen community of the coastal state (Maharashtra). These Kolis offered prayers to Lord Varuna for invoking his blessings. As part of the Rakhi rituals, coconuts were thrown into the sea as offerings to Lord Varuna also they apply vermillion on each other's foreheads as a symbol of prosperity.

    Kajli Teej,Bundi

    Kajli Teej (12 Aug 2014-13 Aug2014)

    Kajli Teej is celebrated with extreme gaiety and enthusiasm by womenfolk. Women and young girls wear new clothes on Kajli Teej. On this day, swings are laid down in the garden and ladies sing auspicious songs and dance with full enthusiasm. Some Kajari songs are sung to welcome monsoon season while others depict happiness and union of lovers. There are some other songs which portray the pain of separation. Festival of Kajri Teej is also identified with blackish shades of clouds which cover the sky during the monsoon before raining down. On this day, there is a community pooja of neem. Women gather around the holy neem tree and perform specific rituals.

    The annual Kajli Teej festival is celebrated in Bundi, which is located at a distance of about 40kms from the city of Kota. The festival falls on the third day of the Hindu month of Bhadra (July-August) and is dedicated to Goddess Teej. Kajli Teej Festival of Bundi begins with a procession of the Goddess, which is taken in an artistically decorated golden palanquin from the scenic Naval Sagar to the Azad Park. On the way, it passes through a number of main bazaars, escorted by elephants, camels, bands, performing artists and brightly dressed people. Although the main Kajli Teej takes place for two days only, the celebration continues till the festival of Janmashtami (birth anniversary of Lord Krishna). This festival holds special significance for married couples, as it marks a time for them, to replenish the ties of dedication and loyalty. Special sweetmeats and swing rides add to the enjoyment of the festival. The evenings are spent in watching the cultural programs that are especially organized for the Kajli Teej Festival.